Test-taking and Study Strategies for Success

Physical Assessment and Diagnostic Evaluation

♦ Health History

♦ Physical Exam

Laboratory/Diagnostic Studies and Procedures

♦ Hematological studies

➣ CBC and WBC indices, blood typing, antibody screening, coagulation profiles, hemoglobin A1C

♦ Serologic studies

♦ Hormone studies, LFTs, HIV testing, antibody detection, other infectious diseases

♦ Kidney function

♦ BUN, creatinine, creatinine clearance

♦ Lipid profiles

♦ Body fluids

➣ U/A, fecal testing, vaginal smears, cervical and vaginal cultures, cervical cytology, GBS cultures, tests for ruptured membranes

♦ Endoscopic procedures

➣ Colposcopy, diagnostic laparoscopy, hysteroscopy, colonoscopy/sigmoidoscopy

♦ Imaging studies

➣ X-rays, ultrasound, mammography, bone densitometry

♦ Biopsies

➣ Endometrial, cervix, vulva, breast

♦ Genetics

➣ Markers, karyotyping, gene identification

Primary Care Extensive Review of System-Specific Health Problems

Health Promotion and Patient Counseling

♦ Risk assessments

♦ Disease prevention

♦ National screening guidelines

♦ Health promotion advice

♦ Dysfunctional social patterns

♦ Preconception counseling

Gynecologic Disorders

♦ Assessment, diagnosis, treatment, referral, counseling, education

➣ Abnormalities of puberty, menstrual disorders, vaginitis/vaginosis, STIs, UTIs, pelvic pain, infertility

♦ Cervical cytology and HPV testing

♦ Benign uterine/cervical conditions

➣ Adenomyosis, adnexal masses, cervical and endometrial polyps, leiomyomata uteri

♦ Malignant disorders (endometrium, cervix, ovary, vagina/vulva

♦ Breast disorders (cancer, fibroadenoma, fibrocystic breast changes

♦ Climacteric/post-menopause

♦ Pelvic organ relaxation and prolapse

♦ Polycystic ovarian syndrome

♦ Vulvar dystrophies and dermatoses

♦ Reproductive health care

♦ Pregnancy prevention

➣ Cycle timing, barrier methods, pharmacologic methods – oral, injection, implants, transdermal, vaginal, intrauterine contraception, tubal occlusion methods

♦ Unintended pregnancy

➣ Induced abortion, adoption, options counseling

♦ Men’s issues affecting women’s health

➣ Sexuality/sexual dysfunction, contraception, infertility, STIs

Pregnancy

♦ Physiology of pregnancy

➣ Normal fetal-placental development, alterations in maternal anatomy and physiology, emotional and behavioral changes

♦ Prenatal care

➣ Gestational dating, risk assessment, nutrition, immunologic status, medication assessment, health guidance, screening tests, common discomforts of pregnancy, pregnancy specific examination

♦ Fetal assessment

➣ Amniocentesis, amniotic fluid index, biophysical profile, chorionic villus sampling, contraction stress testing, fetal movement counting, genetic screening, maternal serum markers, nonstress testing, tests for fetal lung maturity, ultrasound

♦ Complications of pregnancy

➣ Maternal medical disorders

➲ Metabolic, infectious, cardiovascular, renal, gastrointestinal, respiratory, hematologic, substance abuse

➣ Placental abnormalities

➲Trophoblastic disease, placenta previa, abruptio placenta, amniotic fluid volume

➣ Pregnancy specific conditions

➲Spontaneous abortion, incompetent cervix, intrauterine fetal death, multiple gestation, prematurity, postmaturity, ectopic pregnancy, preterm labor, hyperemesis gravidarum, gestational hypertension, malpresentations, Rh isoimmunization, coping with pregnancy loss

Postpartum

♦ Physiologic changes

➣ CV, endocrine, GI, hematological, respiratory, renal/urinary, uterine/pelvic changes/involution

♦ General Care Issues

➣ After pains, care of breasts and perineal area, fatigue, sleep disturbances, issues related to non-breastfeeding mothers, postpartum exercises, contraception

♦ Breastfeeding

➣ Contraindications, complications – engorgement, infections, nipple soreness, plugged ducts; nutritional needs, physiology of lactation, positioning and infant feeding

♦ Family integration

➣ Barriers to parent infant interactions, environmental factors affecting family integration, normal parent-infant interactions, principles of grieving, sibling responses and interventions)

♦ Complications of the postpartum period

➣ Bladder distention, urinary retention, hematoma, hemorrhage, hemorrhoids, postpartum depression/psychosis, reproductive and urinary tract infections, thrombophlebitis

Pharmacology

♦ Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics

➣ Pharmacokinetic properties of drugs: absorption, metabolism, excretion

➣ Pharmacodynamic properties: mechanism of action, drug receptor binding, drug interactions, contraindications

♦ Pharmacotherapeutics: Prescription and OTC

➣ Indications, side effects, drug interactions, contraindications, patient education

Professional Issues

♦ Evidence-based practice

➣ Types of research designs, application of research findings to evidenced-based practice, statistical reliability, generalizability of research findings, replication of outcomes, ethical considerations

♦ Ethical principles

♦ Legal issues

➣ Informed consent, protections of information, national mandates

♦ Risk management

♦ Scope of practice

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